When crafting the perfect resume, job seekers often wrestle with a familiar question: Should I include references on my resume? While it might seem like a small detail, how you handle references can influence a hiring manager’s impression and streamline your job application process.
Here’s what job seekers need to understand about references for resume: how to choose the right people, format your reference list properly, and know the ideal time to submit it.
What Are References and Why Do Employers Ask for Them?
References are individuals who can vouch for your work ethic, skills, and professional experience. Employers contact references to verify your claims and evaluate your suitability for the role. Strong references can reinforce your credibility and distinguish you from other applicants.
Types of References
- Professional References: Former supervisors, colleagues, clients, or mentors
- Academic References: Professors, advisors, or instructors (ideal for recent grads)
- Character References: Personal contacts who can speak to your values and soft skills (less common)
“A solid reference is more than a formality; it’s a testament to your professional story.”
Employers often prefer professional references because they offer the most relevant insights. Academic references are particularly useful for those early in their careers or transitioning to new industries. Character references should be used only if professional ones are unavailable, and you should clarify their relationship to your work ethic.
Should You Include References on Your Resume?
Short Answer: No
Modern resume best practices suggest not including references directly on your resume. Instead, use the valuable real estate to showcase skills, achievements, and experience.
Why Not Include Them?
- Privacy Concerns: Your references’ contact info should be protected
- Space Management: Keep your resume concise—ideally one page for early-career professionals
- Expectations Have Changed: Most employers now expect references to be provided during the later stages of the hiring process
Instead, simply write: “References available upon request” or omit the mention entirely. Some recruiters even prefer the latter, focusing on relevant achievements and experience upfront.
How to Choose the Right References for Resume
1. Pick People Who Know Your Work
Choose individuals who are familiar with your achievements and can confidently speak to your strengths.
Good choices include:
- Former managers or supervisors
- Team leads from key projects
- Colleagues from cross-functional collaborations
Avoid selecting references solely based on their job titles. It’s more effective to choose someone who truly understands your work ethic, even if their title isn’t senior.
2. Ensure Relevance to the Role
Tailor your reference list to match the specific position. For example, if you’re applying for a leadership role, choose someone who can speak to your ability to manage teams or influence strategy.
3. Always Ask for Permission
Never list someone as a reference without first asking them. It shows respect and allows them to prepare.
Craft a short, respectful message or email. Include details about the role, the company, and why you believe they’d be a strong reference.
4. Keep Them Informed
Let your references know:
- The job you’re applying for
- The company and its values
- Skills or achievements they might want to highlight
- Expected contact timeline
Maintaining communication with your references keeps them engaged and prepared, leading to more enthusiastic endorsements.
How to Format a Reference List
When requested, provide a separate reference sheet that matches the formatting of your resume. Here’s how:
Reference Sheet Template:
Your Name
Your Phone Number | Your Email | LinkedIn Profile (optional)
Reference Name
Job Title
Company Name
Phone Number
Email Address
Relationship to YouExample:
Jane Doe
(123) 456-7890 | jane.doe@email.com | linkedin.com/in/janedoe
John Smith
Senior Project Manager
Acme Corporation
(987) 654-3210
john.smith@acmecorp.com
Former Supervisor at AcmeBe consistent in font, size, and spacing with your resume. Use bullet points or line breaks for clarity. Save your reference list as a PDF unless another format is requested.
When and How to Submit References
When to Share:
- After an initial interview
- Upon request from HR or hiring managers
- During a background check
If you’re applying through a recruiter, ask them when it’s appropriate to provide references. Some may collect them in advance to speed up the hiring process.
How to Submit:
- As a separate document (PDF preferred)
- Attached to an email with your resume and cover letter
- Uploaded to the employer’s job portal, if prompted
Use clear file names like “Firstname-Lastname-References.pdf” and ensure the content is up to date. If your reference changes jobs, update their title and contact info.
Common Mistakes to Avoid
1. Including References on Your Resume
As mentioned, this is outdated and unnecessary.
2. Not Verifying Contact Details
Ensure that your references’ email addresses and phone numbers are accurate and up to date.
3. Using Personal References Only
Unless explicitly requested, avoid listing family or friends. Employers prefer professional validation.
4. Not Prepping Your References
If your reference is caught off guard, it may lead to a weak or generic endorsement.
5. Providing Too Few or Too Many
Stick to 3–5 strong references. Too few may appear suspicious; too many can overwhelm hiring managers.
6. Listing Outdated References
Avoid references from roles more than 5–8 years old unless they are highly relevant to the job.
7. Failing to Follow Up
Keep in touch with your references. A thank-you email after an interview or job offer shows appreciation and keeps your network strong.
How References Influence Hiring Decisions
Hiring managers often treat references as a final confirmation step. If two candidates are evenly matched, a glowing reference can tip the scales. Conversely, a lukewarm or negative reference may lead to a rejected offer.
According to a survey, 69% of employers have changed their minds about a candidate based solely on references.
A good reference not only confirms your qualifications but may also add insights that give you a competitive edge, such as your leadership style, communication skills, or ability to adapt under pressure.
Reference Alternatives for Online Applications
Some job portals require names and contact information upfront. In such cases:
- Use only individuals you’ve received explicit permission from
- Inform them that they might be contacted early
- Double-check for typos or outdated info
If the system allows, you can also write: “Will provide upon request” in the required fields.
Some systems use automated reference checks. Make sure your references are comfortable responding to online questionnaires or third-party platforms.
Maintaining Your Reference List Over Time
As you progress in your career, your reference list should evolve. Regularly:
- Remove outdated contacts
- Add new supervisors or collaborators
- Verify the accuracy of titles and email addresses
- Keep a master copy for quick access
A dynamic, well-maintained list demonstrates your proactive and professional approach.
For more guidance on optimizing your resume, check out our complete resume writing guide.
Want Your References to Work for You? Let Your Professional Network Speak Loudly
Your references are a powerful endorsement. Treat them like gold—ask strategically, inform clearly, and update consistently. Need help crafting a stellar resume or prepping your references? Work with one of our certified resume writers today to get job-ready, faster.
Frequently Asked Questions
Do employers actually contact references?
Yes. Especially during final rounds or after a job offer, hiring managers often verify information through references.
Can I use a colleague as a reference instead of a manager?
Absolutely. A colleague who has worked closely with you can offer valuable insights, especially if your manager is unavailable.
What if I don’t have any work references?
You can use academic references, volunteer supervisors, or internship mentors. Focus on those who can speak to your skills.
Is “References available upon request” still acceptable?
Yes, but it’s optional. Most hiring managers assume you’ll provide them when asked.
How recent should my references be?
Ideally, within the last 3 to 5 years. The more recent, the more relevant their insights.
